James Elliott (August 18, 1775 – November 10, 1839) was a Massachusetts local and a Vermont representative. He fought in the Northwest Indian War of 1793 in Ohio, studied law afterward, and upon getting admitted to the bar in 1803, he began practicing in Brattleboro, Vermont. He was elected to the Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Congresses (March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1809) as a Federalist. Upon retiring, he published a newspaper in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and served in the War of 1812 as a captain. He then resumed practicing law in Brattleboro, Vermont, and in 1818 and 1819 returned to politics in the Vermont House of Representatives. He worked in a probate court from 1822 to 1834, and then returned to the state House of Representatives in 1837 and 1838.